Forget GPS. With no fancy maps or even brains, immune system cells can solve a simple version of the traveling salesman problem, a computational conundrum that has vexed mathematicians for decades.

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We consider partitioning algorithms for the approximate solution of large instances of the traveling-salesman problem in the plane. These ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Application is made to the preference order dynamic programming solution procedure proposed by Kao for a stochastic traveling salesman problem ...

Bumblebees can find the solution to a complex mathematical problem which keeps computers busy for days. Scientists in the UK have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between ...

These routes were comparable to the solutions calculated by a computer algorithm. Currently, when there are many target cities, the best way to tackle the traveling-salesman problem is a tool called ...

Is it possible for humans to navigate in the natural environment wherein the path taken between various destinations is 'optimal' in some way? In the domain of optimization this challenge is ...