Use a capacitive soil moisture sensor (it’s corrosion-resistant). If using a resistive type, power the sensor only during readings (use a transistor or MOSFET controlled by Arduino).

Ultrasonic energy is widely used to sense the presence of nearby objects and even determine their distance if needed, as well as to measure fluid flow rates in industrial and scientific applications.

Abstract: As a result of the growing demand for automated security, this research study proposes the design and development of a night patrol robot with Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W. The main purpose of the ...

Abstract: During orbital operation, the space plasma environment affects the spacecraft, leading to the occurrence of electrostatic discharge, which can jeopardize the safe operation of the spacecraft ...