Semigroups of transformations and endomorphisms have emerged as powerful algebraic frameworks to elucidate the underlying structures of graphs. By harnessing the principles of semigroup theory, ...

\(y = x^2 + a\) represents a translation parallel to the \(y\)-axis of the graph of \(y = x^2\). If \(a\) is positive, the graph translates upwards. If \(a\) is negative, the graph translates ...

A translation is a shift of the graph either horizontally parallel to the \(x\)-axis or vertically parallel to the \(y\)-axis. If \(f(x) = x^2\), then \(f(x) + a = x^2 + a\). The value of \(a\) ...

In this paper the generating function for the numbers of variations with repetitions and a certain type of restrictions is determined. The variations in question are connected with paths in ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract The modeling of traffic control systems for solving such problems as surface street signalization, dynamic traffic assignment, etc., typically ...