Particle swarm optimization isn't usually seen as the first-choice technique for training a neural network but, as James McCaffrey demonstrates, it's a useful alternative. Particle swarm optimization ...

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1 (January to June 2016), pp. 42-49 (8 pages) Abstract: Land use planning seeks to divide land, the most valuable resource in the hands of ...

Multi-swarm optimization (MSO) is a powerful variation of particle swarm optimization. Understanding how MSO works and how to implement it can be a valuable addition to your developer toolkit. Many ...

As a group, simple creatures following simple rules can display a surprising amount of complexity, efficiency, and even creativity. Known as swarm intelligence, this trait is found throughout nature, ...