Scientists first observed the biological phenomenon of restriction and modification in the 1950s, but they did not identify and isolate restriction enzymes until the late 1960s. 3 In 1970, Hamilton ...

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites are called endonucleases; these enzymes play many roles in genomic replication, fidelity, and defense. The initial discovery of restriction endonucleases in the ...

Homologous recombination is an ancient process that functions to conserve genetic integrity and create genetic diversity. It relies on the formation of Holliday junctions — four-stranded DNA ...

Plastid DNA was isolated from the chloroplasts of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var Traveler 76) leaves and the chromoplasts of ripe tomato fruit. Comparisons of the two DNAs were made by ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Here we report the cloning and preliminary characterization of the Pst I restriction-modification system of Providencia stuartii 164.