Fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) extend classical differential equations by incorporating uncertainty through fuzzy numbers. This mathematical framework is particularly valuable for modelling ...

An intermediate level course in the analytical and numerical study of ordinary differential equations, with an emphasis on their applications to the real world. Exact solution methods for ordinary ...

Certain electromagnetic devices such as differential transformers are effective at translating the displacement of a magnetic armature into an AC voltage, which is a linear function of the ...

• LVDTs produce a linear electrical output directly proportional to the position of a movable ferrous core of nickel-iron alloy. • Two secondary windings in the LVDT produce identical output voltages ...