The Earth's magnetic field and oxygen evolved together over 540 million years, according to a major NASA study.

Deep inside Earth, researchers see signs that the solid inner core may be arranged in multiple chemical layers far below.

Russell has a PhD in the history of medicine, violence, and colonialism. His research has explored topics including ethics, science governance, and medical involvement in violent contexts. Russell has ...

The solid inner core at the center of the Earth, surrounded by the outer core, mantle and crust. Here’s why: While it is well known that a material must be at or below its freezing temperature to be ...

What is the speed and timing of the Earth’s inner core cooling? This is what a recent study published in Nature Communications hopes to address as a team of scientists investigated the composition ...

Chinese researchers have discovered that interstitial carbon in iron-carbon alloys behaves in a superionic, liquid-like state ...

New research reveals that carbon made it possible for Earth’s molten core to freeze into a solid heart, stabilizing the magnetic field that protects our planet. Without it, Earth’s deep interior — and ...

Cartoon of the Earth with cutaway showing the mantle and inner and outer core. Magnetic field lines produced by the geodynamo extend into space and interact with the solar wind. The iron-rich core at ...

The Hidden Architecture of Earth's Interior Earth's structure resembles a giant onion with distinct layers, each playing a ...

Scientists have identified two massive thermochemical formations at Earth's core-mantle boundary that refine understanding of ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. An award-winning reporter writing about stargazing and the night sky. Using 11 years of magnetic field measurements from the ...