Thermodynamic spontaneity—whether a reaction can go—can be measured by changes in either of two parameters: entropy or free energy.

A new generation of refractory alloys with excellent high-temperature performance is urgently demanded for aero-engines, gas turbines, and nuclear power plants. As the service temperature of their hot ...

A strategy of multiscale collaborative design which combines high-entropy effect, dual-phase composition, highly porous structure and foam-gelcasting-freeze drying technique leads to uniform element ...

In a study published in Physical Review Letters, physicists have demonstrated that black holes satisfy the third law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy remains positive and vanishes at ...

Paul M. Sutter is an astrophysicist at The Ohio State University, host of Ask a Spaceman and Space Radio, and author of "Your Place in the Universe" (2018). Sutter contributed this article to ...

Two clashing ideas about disorder inside black holes now point to the same strange conclusions, and it could reshape the ...