This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

This lab includes the complete titration procedure used to investigate how well a buffer resists changes in pH. Prepare a buffer solution by accurately calculating and measuring the required amounts ...

Biopharmaceutical production depends on buffers. Making sure the right buffer solutions are available, in the right place on the manufacturing line, at the right time, and in the right quantity, is a ...

In-line buffer management markedly reduced the production bottlenecks and manufacturing costs inherent in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Additional cost reductions are possible, however, by ...

Buffer ETFs partially shield investors from market selloffs but also limit upside gains, often underperforming the broader ...