Researchers have identified 138 candidate subglacial volcanoes hidden beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, 91 of which had never been recognized before, raising serious questions about what happens ...

For most of deep time, spreading ridges released more carbon than volcano chains, changing how we interpret Earth’s climate history.

This chapter summarizes the principal conclusions and recommendations developed elsewhere in this report. Major conclusions are printed in italics and recommendations in bold. Basic research in the ...