Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers represent a cornerstone in the field of control systems engineering, providing a versatile and robust method for regulating industrial processes. The ...

Any good athlete will tell you that the key to an exceptional performance is to imagine the task ahead and then to practice until the body can bring this imagined sequence into reality. Similarly, ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...

In the nearly 40 years since electronic control systems first became common features of industrial machines, controls theory has necessarily evolved to keep pace with machine design. Early on, systems ...

The reactive controls we discussed in Part 1 are driven entirely by error. This is a bit like driving a car while looking out the back window. Your mistakes may be ...

Controlling hydraulic motion with precision involves understanding the fundamental difference between servo motors and hydraulic actuators. Electric motors generally respond linearly to control inputs ...

Stabilizing an inverted pendulum is a classic problem in control theory, and if you’ve ever taken a control systems class you might remember seeing pages full of differential equations and bode ...